Depending on the cultivar, fruits are variously yellow, orange, red, or green. The ripe fruit varies according to cultivar in size, shape, color, sweetness, and eating quality. The fruit takes four to five months from flowering to ripening. Over 500 varieties of mangoes are known, many of which ripen in summer, while some give a double crop. The flowers are produced in terminal panicles 10–40 cm (4– 15 + 1⁄ 2 in) long each flower is small and white with five petals 5–10 millimetres ( 3⁄ 16– 3⁄ 8 in) long, with a mild, sweet fragrance. The leaves are evergreen, alternate, simple, 15–35 centimetres (6–14 inches) long, and 6–16 cm ( 2 + 1⁄ 2– 6 + 1⁄ 2 in) broad when the leaves are young they are orange-pink, rapidly changing to a dark, glossy red, then dark green as they mature. In deep soil, the taproot descends to a depth of 6 m (20 ft), with profuse, wide-spreading feeder roots and anchor roots penetrating deeply into the soil. The trees are long-lived, as some specimens still fruit after 300 years. Mango trees grow to 30–40 metres (98–131 feet) tall, with a crown radius of 10–15 m (33–49 ft). The scientific name, Mangifera indica, refers to a plant bearing mangoes in India. The English word mango (plural "mangoes" or "mangos") originated in the 16th century from the Portuguese word manga, from the Malay mangga, and ultimately from the Tamil man ("mango tree") + kay ("fruit"). Mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan and the Philippines, while the mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh. Depending on the cultivar, mango fruit varies in size, shape, sweetness, skin color, and flesh color, which may be pale yellow, gold, green, or orange. Worldwide, there are several hundred cultivars of mango. Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits that are also called "mangoes", the majority of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times resulting in two types of modern mango cultivars: the "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type". It is believed to have originated in southern Asia, particularly in eastern India, Bangladesh, and the Andaman Islands. For other uses, see Mango (disambiguation).Ī mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica.
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